Apple Mac OS X Server System Imaging and Software Update Administration For Version 10.4 or Later Manuel d'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 8)

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Integrating Mac Systems into

a Medical IT Infrastructure

IT Organization and Guidelines

Adding new systems to the IT infrastructure requires a strict control process to ensure

new components comply with general IT regulations and special Department of

Clinical Radiology regulations.

User and system administration. The infrastructure organizes users and resources

in several separate Windows domains. At the time of publication, an eort to migrate

to an Active Directory (AD) structure was under way, with completion expected by

the second half of 2007. In the tree-type AD structure, each organizational unit is rep-

resented by a subtree domain, containing objects (such as computers or users) that

are uniquely identied by their names and sets of attributes. This eases the burden of

administering users and systems throughout the hospital.

IT security. The hospital’s security policies comply with the international IT security

guidelines outlined by the ISO 27001 certication standard. The German Federal Oce

for Information Security (BSI) provides guidelines and manuals based on this standard

that give detailed instructions on how to generate a threat analysis for a given IT infra-

structure and how individual needs for system security and data protection can be

fullled.

As a result, all of the hospital’s IT systems are equipped with an enterprise virus detec-

tion application (Sophos Anti-Virus)

and device-controlling software (SecureWave

Sanctuary Device Control 3.01).

Systems that are not compliant cannot be used

within the medical environment, especially for applications that deal with patient data.

These restrictions include the viewing and reporting workstations used in radiology.

Requirements for Integrating Radiology Workstations

At the University Hospital of Mannheim, radiology workstations must meet several

criteria before they are approved for use in clinical work. In addition to common

controls on electromagnetic elds and workplace security, the hospital’s evaluation

criteria cover:

•

Integration into the given computer and user infrastructure. The computer must

be integrated into the existing domain or AD structure, allowing the use of authentica-

tion services and le/print access.

•

Device access control. For data protection and virus prevention, access to removable

media, network resources, and CD/DVD burning devices must be managed at the user

level. The system’s rmware also must be secured to deny access to the hard disk.

•

Virus detection. Workstations must feature client versions of the hospital’s enterprise

virus protection software and then integrate them with software and signature update

services.

•

Monitor calibration, conformity, and constancy testing. In many countries, displays

used for the reporting of radiological images are strictly governed by law and, in many

cases, by radiological societies. Depending on the types of images displayed, a monitor

must be able to achieve minimal values for resolution, brightness, contrast, and

homogeneity. Grayscale representation also must match a specic nonlinear Display

Function.

•

Certied viewing software and PACS integration. Radiological imaging software

must be certied for use in a professional medical environment.

•

Access to Hospital and Radiology Information System. In Mannheim, the Radiology

Information System (RIS) is connected to the Hospital Information System (HIS), so a

dedicated HIS client is not needed on report workstations. But access to RIS is crucial,

because radiology sta require direct access to RIS work lists, reports, and online

speech recognition functionality.

Including Mac OS X in Germany’s IT Manuals

The German Federal Oce for Information

Security (BSI) publishes IT manuals oering

detailed threat analyses and operating instruc-

tions for various major operating systems. But

current manuals do not cover Mac OS X. After

consulting with BSI specialists, we used the

sections “General client system” and “UNIX

client” from the BSI IT manuals to determine

the requirements and measurements necessary

to integrate the Mac-based OsiriX workstation.

We then made an ocial request to BSI to devel-

op a chapter in the manual that focuses on Mac

OS X. BSI accepted the request, and a Mac OS X

chapter will be included in a future release of

the manuals.

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Apple Mac OS X Server System Imaging and Software Update Administration For Version 10.4 or Later Manuel d'utilisateur Page 8

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